Cell Phones

I recently came across this video from Edutopia and it has forced me to amend my practices with regard to cell phones in class. Briefly, it suggests a study has found that nearby cell phones exert an influence on student performance – even when they are stowed in a pocket or backpack. In the study, students who left their phones in a different room did a better job solving math problems than they did with the phones in the same room – even if the phones were out of sight and fully silenced.

While this would suggest that banning the beasts altogether makes sense, I continue to believe in the efficacy of frequent, low-stakes testing, and my students routinely use their phones to access Kahoot or Socrative for that purpose. My compromise is to put all the phones in a basket when we are not doing the low-stakes testing and to put the basket as far away from the students as possible.

The video would suggest that a distant phone basket is not enough to undo the evil influence of the phones, but I am not convinced that banning them from the room is a practical solution. Students are going to keep their phones with them during the day; would my banning them result in anything other than their attempting to hide them while in class? Is there firmer middle ground?

Check For Understanding

Recently, I was a bit intrigued when this list passed across my Twitter feed. (It says 53 Ways to Check for Understanding, yet only 28 appear on the image I’ve pasted here; the full two page doc is here.) To be honest, there is not much here that is particularly new, and there are many things here I would never chose to use in my own classes, but the list is nonetheless worth a look, if only to remind ourselves of a) the need to be sure our students are indeed learning what we think they’re learning, and b) there are many different ways to accomplish that goal.

The thing I like most about the list is that different methods will appeal to different students. I would not necessarily have done well with drawing a picture that reflects my understanding, but I might have enjoyed the challenge of writing a poem to do so. I also like the fact that so many methods openly acknowledge that students might still have questions. Ideally, that would allow students who do have questions to ask them instead of silently assuming they are the only ones who do not “get it.”

Full disclosure: I often do not get to this. When I do, it is with the quick quizzes (or kahoots) at the beginning of class (to check understanding of the reading or prior classes); when I fail, it is because I have scheduled it for the end of the period and I so rarely make it to end of my plan. Goals for the rest of the year: check for understanding multiple times per week (tests included), and choose 5 new (to me) of the 53 Ways to implement.

One Sentence Lesson Planning(?)

This fall, I have been pondering new approaches to lesson planning, and, in my usual fashion, trying to devise a document or template that will guide me through the process effectively and efficiently. Hence, when I saw a post entitled “Focus Your Lectures with the ‘One-Sentence Lesson Plan,’” I was intrigued. No, I do not lecture, but “one-sentence lesson plan”?!

It turns out the post did not teach me how to reduce a lesson to a single sentence, but it does present lesson-planning in terms of three questions: what, how, and why. Briefly, the “what” is of course what you hope to convey to / inspire in your students – the skills, content, or both that are the lesson’s target. The “how” is the mechanics of the lesson – the activities, etc., by which you plan to convey the “what.” The why is the sometimes forgotten, sometimes seemingly obvious reason for creating the lesson to begin with. If you are a French teacher planning a lesson on the subjunctive, the “why” is obvious – so that the students will be able to understand and use the subjunctive, which is imperative for anyone seeking genuine fluency. If you are a history teacher preparing a lesson on the Ottoman Empire for a course called Western Civilizations, the “why” is much less obvious – so much so that the “why” should probably be part of the lesson.

All of this seems pretty elementary, and it is, but it has helped me create the aforementioned template. On it, I record the homework assignment and its themes and then briefly note the what, how, and why of the lesson, fully aware that an individual class session may involve more than one “what” and therefore more than one “how” and “why.” It does not yield one-sentence lesson plans, but it does frame the material in ways that bring clarity to my thinking.

Whither Grades, Transcripts?

I highly recommend reading this conversation regarding the Mastery Transcript idea being promoted by a consortium of independent schools who are tired of grades in their traditional format. The consortium is a big one, and its ranks include some heavy-hitters, including a few Founder’s League schools. (If you are totally unfamiliar with the Mastery Transcript notion, go here.)

The brief, edited conversation was published by NAIS, and it presents arguments both for and against the Mastery Transcript idea. I will not take sides, except to say this conversation is a good starting point for a consideration of how best to measure and report student progress? Have we got it right? If not, what would constitute an improvement? The Mastery Transcript folks think they are on to something. Are they?

College Board N.E. Regional Forum

Full disclosure: today (Thursday, March 1) is actually Day 2 of the conference, but, for a variety of reasons, I did not arrive until this morning. Jonathan Crocker has been here since yesterday.

When I did finally arrive, I went to a session on new resources and support for A.P. teachers. If you teach an A.P. course, you might want to visit this webpage, which outlines the coming changes. The highlights are that the College Board is creating new test banks for every A.P. course. You will be able to search/filter the questions – even alter them if necessary – and assign them to students either online or or paper. Questions will be accompanied by the rubric where appropriate or by an explanation of what makes a good answer (students would not see these right away, of course). There will also be new unit guides and unit tests available in each course. All of this will be managed online; students will sign up online, and teachers can create class sections and make assignments/give tests from the dashboard. Since we also proctor the exams, A.P. teachers will be pleased to learn that in the course of students registering for online access, the College Board will collect almost all of the information that students currently have to bubble on to their answer sheets. The process of giving the exams will be significantly streamlined. The only disappointing aspect of all of this is that it will not be in place until the 2019-2020 school year.

The next session was lunch and a joint meeting of the College Board’s three assemblies: the Academic Assembly, the Counseling and Admissions Assembly, and Financial Aid Assembly (note: these re not the actual names of the assemblies – each has recently adopted a new, more descriptive name; I think the first two guesses are pretty close, but “Financial Aid Assembly” is likely to be way off. One of the things I learned is that so far 3.7 million students have used Khan Academy for SAT preparation, which is encouraging with regard to the College Board’s goal of equity and access.

Next, I went to a session called “Changing Methods of recognizing Student Achievement.” It presented a solution to building a transcript for students in a proficiency-based education system. When a school moves to proficiency-based education, it raises a number of concerns about how student progress will be reported and whether those reports will hurt students in the college admission process. Some of the presenters were college admissions officers who said strongly that such transcripts would not hurt students at all as long as the School Profile (which accompanies students’ applications) explained it properly. Interestingly, one veteran admission officer said by way of example “I have read independent schools, and if you can read independent schools in New England, you can read anything.” It is true. While Avon’s grading system, and therefore transcript, may seem pretty standard, the school I attended (Kent) graded on a 1 to 5 scale, with 1 meaning high honors and 5 failing (the opposite, by the way, of the A.P. Program’s 1 to 5 scale). I am not sure the transcript being presented would work for us, but I know it is not the only option. A consortium of schools – many of them independent schools – is working on what they are calling the Mastery Transcript, which would serve, in many ways, the same purpose.

After that, it was time for the A.P. Program update. Frankly, that session spent a great deal of time on the College Board’s new approach to Pre-A.P. courses, which is not something I recommend Avon ponder (our courses already prepare students for A.P.), and then quite a bit of time on information relevant to A.P. Coordinators (I’ll be reporting to Graham Callaghan about this part). The last part of the session did deal with A.P. course news, most of which was review (Gov. is being totally re-vamped, all histories have another new set of rubrics (tweaked in response to feedback from A.P. history teachers), and A.P.Computer Science Principles has been successful in drawing more girls and more students from under-represented populations into computer science.

As you may be able to tell, it was a full and rich day at the conference. I was also able to re-connect with a number of colleagues and friends from other schools and from the College Board itself. In particular, it was wonderful to spend some time with Arthur Doyle. Arthur was the vice president in charge of the New England region for many years, including my years on regional council and other committees, and he and I always enjoy our time together. He has been “retired” for a few years at this point, but it turns out that means working “half time.”

Let Me Be Clear…

Speaking to the students as we opened the Intersession Meditation Retreat, I predicted that they were not likely to have any profound epiphany while sitting (or walking) in meditation, but they should not be surprised to encounter a meditation-inspired epiphany at some other time. In the way of all things, I then had an epiphany – while sitting in meditation! (Sometimes the mind just makes fun of you.) I had also warned the boys that the epiphany will not always be a happy one, and, sadly, mine was not. I realized that, despite many years of trying to be part of the solution to our campus communication issues, I remain part of the problem. Often I convey things in a way that leads to confusion, and sometimes I fail to convey things at all.

It seems likely that the catalyst for this epiphany was student confusion about the process of registering for Intersession and faculty confusion about the “end product” expectation. Regardless of my good intentions and whatever clarity I achieved in my own thinking, several members of my target audiences ended up with an incomplete understanding; this is not a good feeling for a teacher.

For Intersession, the steps I am taking to correct the situation will include both student and faculty handbooks designed to spell out everything a person needs to know in order to navigate Intersession successfully. I will endeavor to keep both handbooks short, well organized, and written with clarity. I will also ask a number of colleagues to serve as editors before either handbook is “published,” and, of course, we can continue to edit and update them after the fact.

One of the things I hope for is that we as teachers and learners will take what we learn from our Intersession experience and apply it in our “regular” work. Hence, I embark on the third quarter asking myself how I might add clarity to my teaching.

Getting to “Underemployed”

I ran across this New York Times Op-Ed piece the other day. It posits that we could all benefit from taking a “Schultz Hour” at least once a week. “Schultz Hour” refers to former Secretary of State George Schultz, who set aside an hour each week, during which he would take no calls from anyone but the president or his (Schultz’s) wife, in order to think about the strategic aspects of his job. “Otherwise, he would be constantly pulled into moment-to-moment tactical issues, never able to focus on larger questions of the national interest.”

The article goes on to cite a psychologist and a “behavioral economist” who agree that Schultz was on to something. The psychologist, Amos Tversky, speaks of consciously being “underemployed,” and goes on to say “You waste years by not being able to waste hours.” To be clear, no one is suggesting we should all stop working; the point is that in this day and age in particular, it is deceptively easy to spend all or most of one’s waking hours “on task,” but some of our best ideas come when the mind is free to roam.

Frankly, that idea was at the heart of my job description. The idea was that the person in this role would be charged with – and be given the time to – read widely and think deeply about issues of teaching and learning in general and teaching boys in particular. To a substantial degree, it worked. Among the output of the first few years was this now-anemic blog to which I once posted in prolific fashion, and countless reading recommendations to my colleagues. It also yielded a list of planned – or at least pondered – curriculum changes, the first three of which were the now-hibernating Teaching Collaborative, Intersession and Mindfulness. Others include a senior capstone option, a Global Certificate program, and more interdisciplinary offerings. I will not claim credit for the Avon Advantage program, but I am involved in teaching for it, and working out the (considerable) logistics are part of my charge.

Somehow in all of this I have lost hold of the “underemployed” moments that used to drive my work (witness the fact that I somehow allowed October to go by without adding anything to the Recommended Reading section of this blog), so I need to stiffen my resolve to carve out “Schultz Hours” to spend pondering the big pictures of teaching and learning. One of those big pictures, of course, is this: if I, whose job description specifically calls for time to be reflective about what we do and how we do it, struggle to find that time, how can any of my colleagues be expected to find or make that time? One of the long term benefits of creating this position was to be a more reflective teaching faculty; I need to spend some time thinking (and reading) about how to make that happen.

Update: History Through Literature

Last winter, I made the fateful decision to jettison the textbook associated with my A.P. World History course and replace it with the Norton Anthology of World Literature. My motivation was many-fold, but it began with the fact that my students simply were not reading the textbook. My theory was that the literature assignments would prove more compelling and that they would provide my students with deeper insight into the cultures we study. So, a few weeks ago, this year’s A.P. World cohort and I embarked on the shakedown cruise for literature-as-history in the Clark Room.

For the most part, it is going well. The two major questions we need to work out – how will we use the literature to study history? and how will the students achieve the necessary mastery of the history itself – are coming into focus. The first question is easier, as anyone who has ever read literature knows it offers insight into the time and place in which it was created. The students read a segment of the Bhagavad-Gita for today’s class and then took part in a lively conversation about which stanza most fully captures the essence of the piece. I am satisfied that they emerged from that conversation with a stronger sense of ancient Indian culture than they might have gleaned from a textbook. They also emerged, though, with no specifics as to the actual history of that time and place; we are going after that with presentations in class (by me and by the students themselves), (other) primary source readings, a large number of videos (some assigned, some available, some mine, some others’), and a review book that the students have purchased. Through one unit – a whopping 5% of the course material – their mastery of that material is roughly on par with prior years. I will know more after we complete unit II, which is a much larger unit.

Overall – peaks and valleys, and the jury is still out to some degree.

Relational Learning

Relational learning is not a new idea, but it has been in the spotlight of late, thanks in part to Reichert and Hawley’s I Can Learn From You (which is available on the recommended reading shelf of the Clark Room, if you would like to have a look). The idea is that a positive relationship between student and teacher is not merely useful in learning, it is a prerequisite.

I was reminded of that lesson when I attended a celebration of the 100th birthday of Avon Old Farms’ oldest living alumnus, Maestro Francis Madeira. The room was filled with people who have spent their lives in music (including at least two others who have earned the title “Maestro”) and with people who knew Francis from hiking, which was another of his passions. I found myself, though, seated next to two gentlemen whose connection to the Maestro was that they had been members of the Brown University Swim team when he was the faculty advisor. Again, Francis was the advisor, not the coach, of a team these men had been on more than half a century ago, but his influence had been such that they have maintained a relationship with him through the ensuing decades and they travelled a considerable distance to be a part of this birthday celebration. Their very presence there, along with the way they talked about him, spoke volumes about Francis’ influence and his ability as a teacher.

Would that all of us might live to be 100 (assuming we could be in the same fine fettle – both mentally and physically – as Francis), and, more to the point, would that we could all inspire our students to the same degree.